Free DIY Chicken Nesting Boxes: Plans, Dimensions, and Simple Woodworking Ideas

Dreaming of fresh eggs straight from your backyard? Building your own chicken nesting boxes is easier than you might think! Whether you’re a seasoned DIYer or just starting out, our guide walks you through free plans, practical dimensions, and simple woodworking ideas to create safe, comfortable, and stylish homes for your hens.

With a little creativity and some basic tools, you can design nesting boxes that make egg collection a breeze while keeping your flock happy and healthy.

Essential Pre-Build Knowledge: Dimensions and Placement

The Ideal Nest Box Dimensions (The “Must-Knows”)

Standard Size (for Most Breeds)

For the majority of standard chicken breeds, the ideal dimensions for a nesting box are 12 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 12 inches high. This size provides enough space for hens to comfortably settle in and lay their eggs without feeling cramped, which is essential for preventing stress and ensuring they lay properly. Hens appreciate having enough room to move around, but too much space can lead to a lack of privacy and might even encourage them to lay outside the box.

Dimensions for Bantam Breeds

For smaller breeds like bantams, you’ll want a smaller nesting box. The ideal size for bantams is typically 10 inches wide, 10 inches deep, and 12 inches high. Since these chickens are much smaller, they don’t need the same amount of space as larger breeds, and providing a box that’s too big could discourage them from using it.

Dimensions for Heavy/Large Breeds

Heavy or large breeds, such as Orpingtons or Cochins, need larger nesting boxes to accommodate their size. For these chickens, you should aim for a nesting box that is 14 inches wide, 12 inches deep, and 14 inches high. These extra few inches allow them to feel comfortable while laying their eggs, and it helps prevent the issue of eggs breaking or being crushed due to cramped conditions.

Self-Correction Note: Why These Dimensions Matter

The dimensions of a nesting box are critical for several reasons. First, they ensure that your hens have enough room to feel comfortable and secure while laying, which encourages regular egg production. Boxes that are too small can stress the hens, leading them to seek out alternative places to lay eggs. On the flip side, if the box is too large, it may not provide the privacy and security that hens prefer, and eggs could get rolled around, potentially breaking or getting dirty. Getting the dimensions right is key to a healthy, productive flock.

Placement and Ratio Best Practices

How Many Boxes Per Hen (The General $1:4$ to $1:5$ Ratio)

The general rule of thumb for the number of nesting boxes you should provide is 1 box for every 4-5 hens. This allows each hen to have access to a clean, comfortable nesting box when it’s time to lay, while also reducing competition for space. Hens will often develop “favorite” nesting boxes, so while some boxes might be crowded, others may remain unused. The $1:4$ to $1:5$ ratio is usually sufficient for most small to medium flocks. If you have more than 20 hens, you may want to provide extra boxes to ensure everyone has easy access.

Ideal Height Off the Ground (e.g., 18-24 Inches)

Nesting boxes should be placed at an ideal height of 18 to 24 inches off the ground. This height allows hens to easily access the boxes while also keeping them off the floor, where they may be exposed to drafts or pests. Placing the boxes too high can be difficult for hens to reach, while placing them too low can increase the risk of contamination from dirt, litter, or droppings. Finding the sweet spot ensures a balance between accessibility and hygiene.

Location Tips (Dark, Quiet, and Away from Roosts)

Hens prefer to lay their eggs in a quiet, private place where they won’t be disturbed. For this reason, it’s best to place your nesting boxes in a dark, quiet area of the coop, away from the roosting area and any high-traffic zones. The darker the space, the more likely hens will feel comfortable using the boxes. If the boxes are too exposed or in a high-traffic area, hens may decide to lay elsewhere. Additionally, avoid placing nesting boxes directly under the roosts—hens won’t appreciate the mess from droppings landing in their boxes, and eggs may get contaminated.

Final Thoughts on Nesting Box Setup

By adhering to these essential guidelines on dimensions and placement, you’ll create a comfortable, functional, and efficient nesting space for your hens. Whether you’re building your own boxes or purchasing pre-made ones, taking the time to get these factors right will lead to healthier hens and a more productive egg-laying system.

Simple Woodworking Idea #1: The Classic Plywood Box

1. The Gold Standard for Durability and Simplicity

This wooden chicken nesting box design is ideal for those who want a reliable and sturdy option without getting into overly complex woodworking. Plywood provides a strong, durable material that withstands wear and weather, making it a practical choice for any coop. It’s also customizable, so you can adjust the size and features depending on your flock’s specific needs. The simple yet functional structure ensures that your hens have a comfortable and secure space to lay their eggs.

2. Materials Needed

For this classic plywood nesting box, you’ll need the following materials:

• Plywood (recommended thickness: ½” to ¾” for sturdiness)
• Screws or nails (to secure the pieces together)
• Wood glue (for added reinforcement, especially on corners)
• Hinges (optional, if you want a hinged lid for easy access)
• Wood finish or paint (optional, for weatherproofing and longevity)

This list keeps things minimal and budget-friendly, with most of the materials easily sourced from any hardware store.

3. Step-by-Step DIY Plans

Cutting the Pieces:

First, gather your plywood and make the following cuts based on the size of the box you want. Here’s a basic cut list for a medium-sized box (12” x 12” x 12”) that will fit most standard hens:

• 2 pieces for the sides: 12” x 12”
• 2 pieces for the front and back: 12” x 12”
• 1 piece for the bottom: 12” x 12”
• 1 piece for the roof: 13” x 12” (This extra inch allows for an overhang)

A quick-reference diagram can help visualize how these pieces fit together, but this list should cover the basic framework.

Assembling the Frame:

• Begin by attaching the side pieces to the bottom piece using screws or nails. Ensure the sides are square to the base.
• Next, secure the front and back pieces to the side pieces. The front piece can be cut slightly lower than the back if you want to leave a small gap at the top for ventilation.
• Use wood glue along the edges for extra strength, and fasten them with screws for durability.

Adding a Sloped Roof:

• To prevent hens from roosting on top of the nesting box, it’s essential to add a sloped roof. This can be done by cutting a piece of plywood (13” x 12”) and attaching it at an angle to the top of the box.
• The slope will not only keep the hens from perching, but it will also shed rain and prevent the nesting area from getting too wet.

Optional: Adding Hinges for Easy Access:

• If you’d like to be able to open the top for cleaning or egg collection, attach hinges to the back of the roof. This makes it easy to lift the lid and access the inside of the box without disturbing the hens too much.

4. Cost Estimate & Time to Build

Cost Estimate:

• Plywood (¼” to ¾” thickness): ~$15 for a 4’ x 8’ sheet (you can get multiple boxes out of one sheet).
• Screws or nails: ~$5 for a basic pack.
• Hinges (optional): ~$3 to $6.
• Wood finish/paint (optional): ~$8 to $10.

Total estimated cost: $20 – $30 per box, depending on whether you opt for paint or hinges.

Time to Build: This project is beginner-friendly and should take around 2 to 3 hours to complete, depending on your skill level and whether you’re using power tools. The drying time for wood glue and paint may take longer, so factor that in if you’re finishing the box for outdoor use.

Innovative DIY Idea #2: The Upcycled $5 -Gallon Bucket Nests

1. Perfect for Beginners, Minimal Cutting Required

This idea is as simple as it gets! The upcycled 5-gallon bucket nests require zero woodworking skills and very little effort, making them a fantastic option for those who want to build nesting boxes quickly and affordably. It’s especially perfect for people on a tight budget or those who don’t have access to power tools. Plus, it’s environmentally friendly, as it gives a second life to plastic buckets that might otherwise go to waste.

2. Materials Needed

The materials needed for this DIY project are minimal and affordable:

• $5-Gallon Plastic Buckets (1 per nesting box)
• Zip Ties (or basic hardware like screws if you want a more permanent solution)
• Scissors or a Jigsaw (to cut the entry hole)
• Optional: Paint or Sealant (for extra durability, especially if using them outdoors)

The total cost for this project will be around $5 per bucket, making it one of the most affordable chicken nesting box options out there!

3. Simple Steps

Cutting the Entry Hole:

The first step in transforming a $5-gallon bucket into a nesting box is to cut an entry hole. The hole should be large enough for your hens to easily access the nest but small enough to provide a sense of privacy. A good size is about 6 to 8 inches in diameter. You can make the hole anywhere on the side of the bucket, but make sure it’s low enough to let hens hop in comfortably.

Use a jigsaw or a scissors for plastic to cut out a neat circular hole. If you’re concerned about sharp edges, you can smooth them down with sandpaper or tape.

Mounting the Buckets to a Wall or Frame:

Next, you’ll need to mount the buckets in a way that’s accessible for your hens. You can either attach them directly to the coop wall or create a frame to hold multiple buckets side by side.

• Wall Mounting: Drill holes in the bottom of the bucket and use zip ties or screws to securely attach them to the wall. Ensure that the bucket is stable and won’t tip over when the hens enter.
• Frame Mounting: If you prefer a more organized approach, build a simple frame using wooden slats or PVC pipe to hold several buckets in a row. Secure the buckets with zip ties or screws.

Make sure the buckets are placed 18 to 24 inches above the ground, which is the ideal height for ease of access and to keep the eggs safe from predators.

4. Pros and Cons: (Durability vs. Breathability)

Pros:

• Budget-Friendly: The upcycled $5-gallon bucket nests are extremely cost-effective.
• Quick Setup: No cutting of large sheets of wood or complicated assembly required.
• Weather-Resistant: Plastic is durable and water-resistant, making it a good choice for outdoor use.
• Easy to Clean: Buckets are easy to wipe down or hose out, preventing the build-up of bacteria and ensuring your hens stay healthy.

Cons:

• Durability: While plastic buckets are sturdy, they can eventually crack or degrade under extreme weather conditions or from frequent use.
• Breathability: Unlike wooden boxes, plastic lacks natural ventilation, which could lead to a slightly warmer, more humid environment inside the nest. This might make it less ideal for regions with hot climates unless properly ventilated.

Creative DIY Idea #3: The Roll-Out Nest Box (Advanced Plan)

1. The Best Solution for Clean Eggs and Minimizing Pecking

The roll-out nest box design is an innovative solution that addresses common issues found with traditional nesting boxes. The key benefit of this design is the sloped floor, which ensures that the eggs gently roll away from the hens after they lay them. This minimizes the chance of eggs being pecked or cracked, ensuring that they stay clean and safe.

Additionally, this design reduces the risk of chickens getting too territorial over the nesting boxes. With eggs rolling away automatically, there is less competition between hens for nesting space, which can help maintain peace within your flock. For busy chicken keepers, this design saves valuable time, as eggs are easy to collect and remain free from dirt or droppings.

2. The Key Components

1. The Sloped Floor Angle (Critical for the Roll-Out)
   The heart of the roll-out nesting box is the sloped floor, which should have an angle of about 10-15 degrees. This slope ensures that once a hen lays an egg, it naturally rolls into a separate collection tray below. The angle is critical because it guarantees that the egg moves away from the hen without getting disturbed or broken. A gentle slope ensures the egg doesn’t roll too quickly or too slowly, making it easier for the chicken to lay in peace.
2. The Collection Tray/Lip
   A collection tray is located at the bottom of the nest box, where the eggs roll into. This tray should have a small lip around the edges to keep the eggs from rolling out or getting bumped. The lip helps keep the eggs secure and easy to collect while also preventing bedding material from falling out of the nest. The tray should be easily accessible for you to gather eggs without having to disturb your hens.

3. Materials Needed

To build the roll-out nest box, you’ll need the following materials:

• Plywood: The main material for the structure. A sturdy plywood thickness of 3/4-inch is ideal for durability.
• Linoleum or Turf (Optional Floor Covering): To make cleaning easier, you may opt to cover the floor of the nest box with linoleum or turf. This helps protect the wood from moisture, makes it easier to clean, and provides a comfortable surface for your hens. These materials are also non-porous, meaning they won’t absorb odors or bacteria, ensuring a cleaner environment for both the eggs and the hens.
• Screws or Nails: To secure the box and tray together. Screws are recommended for stronger stability.
• Collection Tray (Plastic or Metal): A durable tray for collecting eggs. Ensure it has a lip to keep eggs from rolling off.

Optional: Nesting Pad/Bedding: Add a soft bedding layer to the nest box, such as straw, wood shavings, or hay, for your hens to feel comfortable while laying.

4. Focus Tip: How This Design Saves Time on Egg Cleaning

One of the biggest advantages of the roll-out nesting box is how much time it saves when collecting eggs. Traditional nesting boxes often require you to dig through straw or bedding to find eggs, potentially disturbing the hens and risking broken eggs. However, with a roll-out box, the eggs automatically roll away from the hen and into the collection tray, keeping them clean and separate from any bedding, dirt, or droppings.

This design allows you to gather eggs quickly without needing to crouch or disturb your chickens. The self-cleaning feature of the roll-out design helps maintain hygiene inside the coop, making it a highly efficient system. With eggs safely stored in the collection tray, you’ll have fewer instances of cracked or dirty eggs, meaning you spend less time on egg cleaning and more time enjoying your hens.

For experienced DIYers looking for a high-quality, long-lasting chicken nesting box, the roll-out nest box is the ultimate choice. It offers a practical and efficient solution to egg collection, reduces the risk of broken eggs, and minimizes the amount of time you need to spend cleaning your coop. While the construction may take a bit more time and effort, the benefits in terms of egg cleanliness and hassle-free egg collection are well worth the investment.